Yet Another Bulletin Board

Welcome, Guest. Please Login or Register.
Nov 23rd, 2024, 12:56pm

Home Home Help Help Search Search Members Members Member Map Member Map Login Login Register Register
Clusterheadaches.com Message Board « HEADACHE Vol 27 No. 7 July/Aug 07 »


   Clusterheadaches.com Message Board
   Cluster Headache Help and Support
   Cluster Headache Specific
(Moderator: DJ)
   HEADACHE Vol 27 No. 7 July/Aug 07
« Previous topic | Next topic »
Pages: 1 2  Reply Reply Notify of replies Notify of replies Send Topic Send Topic Print Print
   Author  Topic: HEADACHE Vol 27 No. 7 July/Aug 07  (Read 1639 times)
dannyboy
New Board Old Timer

****



Docs didn't design the machine they're working on

   
Email

Gender: male
Posts: 329
HEADACHE Vol 27 No. 7 July/Aug 07
« on: Aug 15th, 2007, 8:30am »
Quote Quote Modify Modify

Perhaps a Clusterville e-librarian could post the article  "Predictors of Acute Treatment Response Among Patients With Cluster Headache" from the August edition of HEADACHE."  
 
It's only a single case but it's a very interesting development for research and HEADACHE is one of the biggest journals in the world.
 
I checked the MB so if it's posted already apologies
 
For all lay people like me, the 'supra-orbital nerve' is the one that runs out of your eye socket and up over your eyebrow. If you rub your eyebrow about a half an inch from the bridge of your nose, you'll feel an indentation in the bone. That's where the nerve runs through.
 
Danny
IP Logged

Bedside manner is no substitute for a correct diagnosis - Bill Gates
E-Double
CH.com Alumnus
New Board Hall of Famer
USA 
*****




Are we ourselves?

  Edoubleitk   Edoubleitk1
Email

Gender: male
Posts: 6458
Re: HEADACHE Vol 27 No. 7 July/Aug 07
« Reply #1 on: Aug 15th, 2007, 9:21am »
Quote Quote Modify Modify

Sorry, I don't have a subscription. We only have access to Pub-med....
 
Headache. 2007 Jul;47(7):1079-84. Links
Quote:
Predictors of acute treatment response among patients with cluster headache.Schürks M, Rosskopf D, de Jesus J, Jonjic M, Diener HC, Kurth T.
Department of Neurology, University of Duisberg-Essen, Essen, Germany.
 
Background.-Oxygen and triptans are drugs of first choice to abort cluster headache attacks. However, clinical predictors of treatment response are unavailable. Objective.-We aimed to identify predictors of acute treatment response among patients with cluster headache. Methods.-We investigated 246 cluster headache patients with available information on personal, headache, and lifestyle characteristics as well as effectiveness of acute medication use. We used logistic regression models to identify potential predictors of triptan and oxygen response. Results.-Triptans were effective in 137 of the 191 users and oxygen in 134 of the 175 users. We only identified increasing age (OR 0.96, 95% CI 0.93-0.99; P= .013) as a negative predictor for triptan response, while nausea/vomiting (OR 0.41, 95% CI 0.18-0.91; P= .029) and restlessness (OR 0.09, 95% CI 0.01-0.66; P= .019) were negative predictors of oxygen response. Conclusions.-Few clinical features seem to predict treatment nonresponse in cluster headache. More refined studies aiming at physiological and genetic characteristics seem promising in the future.
 
PMID: 17635600 [PubMed - in process]
IP Logged

I can't believe that I have to bang my
Head against this wall again
But the blows they have just a little more
Space in-between them
Gonna take a breath and try again.
dannyboy
New Board Old Timer

****



Docs didn't design the machine they're working on

   
Email

Gender: male
Posts: 329
Re: HEADACHE Vol 27 No. 7 July/Aug 07
« Reply #2 on: Aug 20th, 2007, 5:19pm »
Quote Quote Modify Modify

Apologies E, correct Journal, but wrong article...
 
The one of consequence is "Supraorbital Nerve Electric Stimulation for the Treatment of Intractable Chronic Clsuter Headache: A Case Report"
 
I'll source the full article and post it. In the meantime the Pubmed blurb would be great...
 
Thanks
Danny
IP Logged

Bedside manner is no substitute for a correct diagnosis - Bill Gates
UN solved
Guest

Email

Re: HEADACHE Vol 27 No. 7 July/Aug 07
« Reply #3 on: Aug 20th, 2007, 5:34pm »
Quote Quote Modify Modify Remove Remove

There's a person here that has had this type of electric simulator put in. I believe he said it was a Trigeminal nerve stimulator, but it was described as an electrode(s) placed in, around, or under the affected eye. I tried e-mailing his doctor but the doctor gave me more or less a form letter inviting me to schedule an appointment and would not give me any details at all.
 
Was it "ZuestTheDog" that did that ? Sorry, I can't remember too well these days. Dog, was that you ? Anyone remember what I'm talking about ?
 
UNsolved
 
Edited 4 'gramor' once again !  Roll Eyes
« Last Edit: Aug 20th, 2007, 5:36pm by unsolved1 » IP Logged
dannyboy
New Board Old Timer

****



Docs didn't design the machine they're working on

   
Email

Gender: male
Posts: 329
Re: HEADACHE Vol 27 No. 7 July/Aug 07
« Reply #4 on: Aug 21st, 2007, 3:26am »
Quote Quote Modify Modify

Is there a Dog-tor in the house?
 
What's interesting about the case reported in HEADACHE is that the nerve involved is outside the brain
 
I'll try to get access to the full article with out having to type it out
 
Danny
IP Logged

Bedside manner is no substitute for a correct diagnosis - Bill Gates
horsegirl
New Board Veteran
USA 
***




Cluster Headaches

   


Gender: female
Posts: 106
Re: HEADACHE Vol 27 No. 7 July/Aug 07
« Reply #5 on: Aug 22nd, 2007, 12:45pm »
Quote Quote Modify Modify

I'm interested in this , Im sure everyone is. I wonder, do we realy need that nerve , and why cant they just remove it sense its outside of the brain .It sounds less invasive. I'm having shadows for some f*cked up reason. I'm suppose to be done for 3 more years. Yes I know , "the beast is unpredictable". Angry
IP Logged
Thimk
Guest

Email

Re: HEADACHE Vol 27 No. 7 July/Aug 07
« Reply #6 on: Aug 23rd, 2007, 5:34pm »
Quote Quote Modify Modify Remove Remove

on Aug 21st, 2007, 3:26am, dannyboy wrote:
 
...
 
What's interesting about the case reported in HEADACHE is that the nerve involved is outside the brain

 
Yes, and nerve blocks are injections to nerves outside the brain. And sinus problems (that can make things worse) and sinus surgery (that can sometimes make things better) are outside the brain.  
 
There has been a maniacal focus on the hypothalamus. Yes, it is important.  Yes, for some people it may be the prime cause.  
 
But there is research on 'clusterheadaches' that do not involve the hypothalamus.  And it seems clear that anything that inflames the nerves in the jaws, sinuses, eye cavity or neck can bring on cluster pain in some people.  
 
That is why I think there might be something to the post on trigger point therapy - if there is damage to muscles (knots or 'trigger points') that activate pain circuits, this could irritate the trigeminal nerve and lower it's threshold for going bezerk. I don't know how many people (if any) might benefit from trigger point therapy, but it is a free do it yourself technique (or you can spend money to learn from a massage therapist trained in it or from a book).  It deserves consideration.
IP Logged
Thimk
Guest

Email

Re: HEADACHE Vol 27 No. 7 July/Aug 07
« Reply #7 on: Aug 23rd, 2007, 5:43pm »
Quote Quote Modify Modify Remove Remove

Horsegirl,
 
Attempts to treat CH by cutting nerves using surgery or radiation (gamma-knife) have a high risk of side effects. With one technique, the eyes have been permanently affected - drooping, sometimes unable to open or focus an eye. Or unable to smile or raise the eyebrow - one side of the face can lose normal muscle ability like in a stroke.  
 
And they are not very effective - maybe because only the worse cases get considered for those treatments, and the worst cases may not be influenced so much by the external nerves.  In my opinion, people with recent onset CH, or with 'mild' (sure, that's what they call it) or moderate CH respond better to things like nerve blocks.
« Last Edit: Aug 23rd, 2007, 5:44pm by Thimk » IP Logged
Kevin_M
CH.com Alumnus
New Board Hall of Famer
USA 
*****



withered branches grow green again.

   


Gender: male
Posts: 6184
Re: HEADACHE Vol 27 No. 7 July/Aug 07
« Reply #8 on: Aug 23rd, 2007, 5:59pm »
Quote Quote Modify Modify

on Aug 23rd, 2007, 5:34pm, Thimk wrote:
And it seems clear that anything that inflames the nerves in the jaws, sinuses, eye cavity or neck can bring on cluster pain in some people.

 
You must have several links of proof for this to post if it seems clear.
« Last Edit: Aug 23rd, 2007, 8:57pm by Kevin_M » IP Logged
Rosybabe
CH.com Alumnus
New Board Hall of Famer
USA 
*****




"Too much of a good thing can be wonderful!!

  smurph  
Email

Gender: female
Posts: 3470
Re: HEADACHE Vol 27 No. 7 July/Aug 07
« Reply #9 on: Aug 23rd, 2007, 6:04pm »
Quote Quote Modify Modify

Man, did I do a nice job of acting," Bettis wrote in the book, "The Bus: My Life in and Out of a Helmet." "The thing is, I wasn't faking that I had an injury. I was just faking that the injury happened on that short-yardage play. I had to fool the coaches and the team's medical department into thinking the injury had occurred on that play. Otherwise, the Steelers would have had their reason to cut me and my salary."  
IP Logged

Believing is just the beginning!
Thimk
Guest

Email

Re: HEADACHE Vol 27 No. 7 July/Aug 07
« Reply #10 on: Aug 23rd, 2007, 9:21pm »
Quote Quote Modify Modify Remove Remove

on Aug 23rd, 2007, 5:59pm, Kevin_M wrote:

 
You must have several links of proof to this if it seems clear.

 
 
Yes, there have been studies on a variety of non-hypothalamus, outside the brain factors that can contribute to CH in some people.  Cervicogenic triggers, tumors and aneurysms in the cavernous sinus, endonasal contact points, carotid artery disection, vertebral artery dissection, etc, etc.  
 
With respect to colds and flu, there have been a number of people here that have reported getting hit unexpectedly after a bout with the flu - people who usually only get summer hits that get slammed the day after they recover from a severe cold.  No studies on that - but probably more than a coincidence - they seem to think so.  And there are more than a few papers on the neuroimmunological hypothesis of CH, where the immune system affects the nerves.  
 
 
And Kevin, if CH is purely something that starts from the hypothalamus and goes directly to the trigeminal nerve, how could a nerve block in the neck or a nerve stimulator in the eye ever stop that??  Somehow it does ...  
 
 
Quote:
: Cranio. 1997 Jan;15(1):89-93.
    Cluster-like signs and symptoms respond to myofascial/craniomandibular treatment: a report of two cases.
    Vargo CP, Hickman DM.
 
    Raleigh Regional Center for Head, Neck and Facial Pain in Beckley, West Virginia, Morgantown, USA.
 
    Two cases with pain profiles characteristic of cluster-like headache, both within and outside the trigeminal system, are reported. One male patient would typically awaken from sleep with severe unilateral temporal head pain and autonomic signs of ipsilateral lacrimation and nasal congestion. A female patient exhibited severe unilateral boring temporal and suboccipital head pain with associated ipsilateral lacrimation and rhinorrhea. In addition, both patients presented with signs and symptoms of masticatory and/or cervical disorders. These two cases illustrate possible treatment alternatives, as well as possible influences from cervical and masticatory structures in the development of cluster or cluster-like headache.

 
(Myofascial therapy involves deactivating knots or trigger points using massage, cryotherapy, or injections)
« Last Edit: Aug 23rd, 2007, 9:22pm by Thimk » IP Logged
Jonny
CH.com Alumnus
New Board Hall of Famer
USA 
*****




Give me a shovel Ill dig my own grave!

   
WWW Email

Gender: male
Posts: 26213
Re: HEADACHE Vol 27 No. 7 July/Aug 07
« Reply #11 on: Aug 23rd, 2007, 9:23pm »
Quote Quote Modify Modify

The reality show star entered a county jail for women in this Los Angeles suburb shortly after 3 p.m., Los Angeles County Sheriff's Deputy Johnie Jones said.  
 
It's the same facility that housed her "The Simple Life" co-star Paris Hilton for nearly three weeks after she was convicted of driving on a suspended license while on probation for an alcohol-related reckless driving case.  
 
Richie's arrival at jail was first reported by The Insider.
IP Logged

It is up to YOU to educate yourself and then help your doctor plan your treatment. If you just sit down in front of your doctor and say "make me better" you are setting yourself up for a great deal of pain.

- Guiseppi


Jonny
CH.com Alumnus
New Board Hall of Famer
USA 
*****




Give me a shovel Ill dig my own grave!

   
WWW Email

Gender: male
Posts: 26213
Re: HEADACHE Vol 27 No. 7 July/Aug 07
« Reply #12 on: Aug 23rd, 2007, 9:26pm »
Quote Quote Modify Modify

TUBA CITY - Jocelyn Billy, the reigning Miss Navajo, was one of the speakers at the grand-opening ceremonies for the Explore Navajo Interactive Museum here in late July. She spoke in her native language, then repeated her remarks in English. The message was the same:  
 
It is time for Navajos to share their culture with the world.  
 
Technically, the sharing process has been going on for years, because the Navajo Reservation contains some of the most recognizable landmarks in the Southwest: Canyon de Chelly, Monument Valley and Navajo National Monument. But tourists mostly come, look, photograph and leave. The museum is a step toward getting them to stay longer and acquire advertisement  
 
 
 
some understanding about the culture of their hosts.
IP Logged

It is up to YOU to educate yourself and then help your doctor plan your treatment. If you just sit down in front of your doctor and say "make me better" you are setting yourself up for a great deal of pain.

- Guiseppi


Jonny
CH.com Alumnus
New Board Hall of Famer
USA 
*****




Give me a shovel Ill dig my own grave!

   
WWW Email

Gender: male
Posts: 26213
Re: HEADACHE Vol 27 No. 7 July/Aug 07
« Reply #13 on: Aug 23rd, 2007, 9:29pm »
Quote Quote Modify Modify

IP Logged

It is up to YOU to educate yourself and then help your doctor plan your treatment. If you just sit down in front of your doctor and say "make me better" you are setting yourself up for a great deal of pain.

- Guiseppi


Thimk
Guest

Email

Re: HEADACHE Vol 27 No. 7 July/Aug 07
« Reply #14 on: Aug 23rd, 2007, 9:43pm »
Quote Quote Modify Modify Remove Remove

on Aug 23rd, 2007, 9:29pm, Jonny wrote:

 
OK, Jonny.  I will take your advice and fuk off. I thought that maybe people would like to talk about CH or day to day stuff in a half-way reasonable manner, but I was obviously wrong.  Last time I was here, you called me a snake oil salesman for discussing fairly the science on whether mangosteen might or might not affect serotonin.  
 
Now I put in my 2 cents on the science related to trigger points and myofascial therapy, and morons who are incapable of understand what is being discussed mock and insult. Seems like you all would rather play a game called duck-duck-troll and insult anyone that you suspect of not conforming to the unwritten rules of Clusterheadaches.cult  
 
Adios,
 
Flo.  
 
 
IP Logged
UN solved
Guest

Email

Re: HEADACHE Vol 27 No. 7 July/Aug 07
« Reply #15 on: Aug 23rd, 2007, 9:47pm »
Quote Quote Modify Modify Remove Remove

The aliens perform staring procedures during which they gaze into abductees' eyes at at distance of only an inch or two. These "mindscan" procedures appear to be neurological manipulations which give the aliens the ability to "enter into" peoples' minds.  
 
After the table procedures, abductees report that they are sometimes taken into other rooms where they are required to have skin on skin contact with unusual looking babies. Abductees say that these babies seem to be crosses between humans and aliens. They call them "hybrids." Abductees also see hybrid toddlers, older youth, adolescents, and adults.
 
IP Logged
horsegirl
New Board Veteran
USA 
***




Cluster Headaches

   


Gender: female
Posts: 106
Re: HEADACHE Vol 27 No. 7 July/Aug 07
« Reply #16 on: Aug 23rd, 2007, 9:51pm »
Quote Quote Modify Modify

what the f*ck is it with you people?
IP Logged
Linda_Howell
CH.com Alumnus
New Board Hall of Famer
USA 
*****



Hearing is one thing.  Listening is another.

  N/A   N/A
WWW Email

Gender: female
Posts: 6721
Re: HEADACHE Vol 27 No. 7 July/Aug 07
« Reply #17 on: Aug 23rd, 2007, 9:56pm »
Quote Quote Modify Modify


   
Shore Is Good Seafood Dip Recipe courtesy Paula Deen  
Show:  Paula's Home Cooking  
Episode:  Low Country Cuisine  
 
 
 
   
 
 
   
2 tablespoons butter  
1 medium green bell pepper, diced  
1 medium onion, diced  
2 stalks celery, diced  
1/2 of a 10 3/4-ounce can cream of shrimp soup (discard top half and use bottom part of soup)  
1 cup mayonnaise  
1/2 pound freshly grated Parmesan  
1 (6-ounce) can crabmeat, picked free of any broken shells, drained  
6 ounces shrimp, fresh or canned, drained  
1/2 teaspoon white pepper
 
Preheat oven to 325 degrees F.  
Melt the butter in a skillet over medium heat. Add the bell pepper, onion, and celery and saute for 2 minutes. In a bowl, combine the soup, mayonnaise, Parmesan, crabmeat, shrimp, and pepper. Stir the sauteed vegetables into the seafood mixture and spoon this mixture into a lightly greased 8 by 11-inch casserole dish. Bake for 30 minutes. Serve with toast points or crackers.
 
 
 
 
IP Logged

Kindness, is gladdening the hearts of those who are traveling the dark journey with us.
starlight
New Board Hall of Famer
USA 
*****



I love YaBB 1G - SP1!

   


Gender: female
Posts: 604
Re: HEADACHE Vol 27 No. 7 July/Aug 07
« Reply #18 on: Aug 23rd, 2007, 10:47pm »
Quote Quote Modify Modify

I don't know about anyone else but I'll listen to what ThimK is saying--I'm open to new things especially if the guy's got an article there to back up some of his ideas.
Why?  I actually want my headaches to go away, for good, don't really give a damn about the "leading hypothoses" of a mysterious, poorly understood condition--don't really consider them THE BIBLE.  Remember Moses didn't appear with "cluster headaches truths" written on his stone tablet.  You got new ideas--I'll listen to them--20 years episodic--my mind's wide open.
IP Logged
Kevin_M
CH.com Alumnus
New Board Hall of Famer
USA 
*****



withered branches grow green again.

   


Gender: male
Posts: 6184
Re: HEADACHE Vol 27 No. 7 July/Aug 07
« Reply #19 on: Aug 23rd, 2007, 11:14pm »
Quote Quote Modify Modify

on Aug 23rd, 2007, 5:34pm, Thimk wrote:
There has been a maniacal focus on the hypothalamus. Yes, it is important.  Yes, for some people it may be the prime cause.  
 
But there is research on 'clusterheadaches' that do not involve the hypothalamus.  And it seems clear that anything that inflames the nerves in the jaws, sinuses, eye cavity or neck can bring on cluster pain in some people.  

 
You set up your statement by referring to a primal cause, then mentioned (with a "but" as if introducing an alternative to the previously mentioned primal cause as...) it's clear that anything that inflames the mentioned nerves brings on the cluster pain, inferring primal cause creating cluster pain from anything that inflames the nerves.  Speak clearer.  Your posted article does not mention anything about primal cause, only treatment.  That was the questioning.
 
 
 
 
« Last Edit: Aug 24th, 2007, 12:13am by Kevin_M » IP Logged
Jimi
CH.com Alumnus
New Board Hall of Famer
USA 
*****




Who loves ya baby!

  Hendrix1473  
WWW Email

Gender: male
Posts: 2286
Re: HEADACHE Vol 27 No. 7 July/Aug 07
« Reply #20 on: Aug 23rd, 2007, 11:25pm »
Quote Quote Modify Modify

Quote:
Adios,  
 
Flo.    

 
Was that Flo?
IP Logged

I am convinced that life is 10% what happens to me and 90% how I react to it.

starlight
New Board Hall of Famer
USA 
*****



I love YaBB 1G - SP1!

   


Gender: female
Posts: 604
Re: HEADACHE Vol 27 No. 7 July/Aug 07
« Reply #21 on: Aug 23rd, 2007, 11:39pm »
Quote Quote Modify Modify

Does anyone ever challenge the "accepted" hypothalamus thing in their own brain?  To be honest I think if anything it's blurring the whole picture.  I'm sure everyone here has experienced "twinges"--do those come from the hypothalamus also, because when I feel them it feels much more like it is some kind of nerve aggravation.  Sometimes in cycle flourescent lighting can bring it on, sometimes nothing brings it on, etc.  What does flourescent lighting have to do with the hypothalamus?  I also get twinges out of cycle--brought on by duh I don't know.  I guess it is also hypothalamus.  Why does hypothalamus go whacky mad for 3-4 months and then settle down?  When someone gives me that answer then I will care about this great revelation of the hypothalamus but for now, where are the other missing pieces of the puzzle?
IP Logged
Kevin_M
CH.com Alumnus
New Board Hall of Famer
USA 
*****



withered branches grow green again.

   


Gender: male
Posts: 6184
Re: HEADACHE Vol 27 No. 7 July/Aug 07
« Reply #22 on: Aug 23rd, 2007, 11:45pm »
Quote Quote Modify Modify

on Aug 23rd, 2007, 11:39pm, starlight wrote:
I'm sure everyone here has experienced "twinges"--do those come from the hypothalamus also, because when I feel them it feels much more like it is some kind of nerve aggravation.  Sometimes in cycle flourescent lighting can bring it on, sometimes nothing brings it on, etc.  What does flourescent lighting have to do with the hypothalamus?  I also get twinges out of cycle--brought on by duh I don't know.  I guess it is also hypothalamus.  

 
Does this happen to people who do not have clusters?
 
Probably not.  So is it the nerve itself only that decides to get activated on it's own from photosensitivity that can lead to immense pain?  The type of cluster pain does not come from a nerve's starting reaction to photosensitivity, although they can be far more sensitive to it during a hit.  What causes that nerve to react that way?  Let's not forget artery bulging too.
« Last Edit: Aug 24th, 2007, 12:21am by Kevin_M » IP Logged
Kevin_M
CH.com Alumnus
New Board Hall of Famer
USA 
*****



withered branches grow green again.

   


Gender: male
Posts: 6184
Re: HEADACHE Vol 27 No. 7 July/Aug 07
« Reply #23 on: Aug 24th, 2007, 12:29am »
Quote Quote Modify Modify

on Aug 23rd, 2007, 5:34pm, Thimk wrote:

 
There has been a maniacal focus on the hypothalamus. Yes, it is important.  Yes, for some people it may be the prime cause.  
 
But there is research on 'clusterheadaches' that do not involve the hypothalamus.  And it seems clear that anything that inflames the nerves in the jaws, sinuses, eye cavity or neck can bring on cluster pain in some people.  
 
That is why I think there might be something to the post on trigger point therapy - if there is damage to muscles (knots or 'trigger points') that activate pain circuits, this could irritate the trigeminal nerve and lower it's threshold for going bezerk.

 
Damaged muscles in proximity to the trig nerve can regulate pain on a timely and regular basis, totally unidentified previously and then just disappear for up to years in episodics?  What would control all that?  
 
Links please, explaining this mechanism.  
 
If you're Flo, I know you will somehow.   Smiley
« Last Edit: Aug 24th, 2007, 1:26am by Kevin_M » IP Logged
LeLimey
CH.com Alumnus
New Board Hall of Famer
Great_Britain 
*****



OUCH-US - Less "ME" and more "WE"

  lelimey  
WWW Email

Gender: female
Posts: 11720
Re: HEADACHE Vol 27 No. 7 July/Aug 07
« Reply #24 on: Aug 24th, 2007, 2:45am »
Quote Quote Modify Modify

Was that Flo?
 
FLO MY ARSE!
 
Flo wouldn't come back in here pretending to be from the Netherlands and talking broken english - he has more self respect than that. I do not believe for one minute that Flo would stoop so low as to pretend such crap.
 
That was a smokescreen by someone we know - and when you think about it you all know that too.  
 
IP Logged





The arsehole I'm divorcing needs to get a life and stop stalking mine

Pages: 1 2  Reply Reply Notify of replies Notify of replies Send Topic Send Topic Print Print

« Previous topic | Next topic »


Clusterheadaches.com Message Board » Powered by YaBB 1 Gold - SP 1.3.1!
YaBB © 2000-2003. All Rights Reserved.


©1998-2010 Web Vision Enterprises All rights reserved. All information on this site is protected by international copyright laws. You may not re-distribute any information from this site without written permission from Web Vision Enterprises and the webmaster of this site. Violators will be prosecuted.
You may view our privacy policy and financial disclosure statement here

test rss